Le Corbusier
Corbusier they to a principle of natural moving of the population, a so-called principle of the decentralization inhabited localities. This principle does not depress the person and, on the contrary, “technologically” introduces his habitation in the nature. In 1964 Xenakis has stated the theory of a city-future in his book “music. Architecture”. Vertical cities will prevail in the future. Hey what sure they would be narrow and high (3000-5000 meters).
They want to look like the huge constructions containing all infrastructure of a contemporary city. They must be covered by the metal, but interior of these cities will be formed by elastic membranes. All necessary survival facilities of such hermetical space: light, air, heat, etc. will be regulated as in the air plane. Ideal shape for such a skyscraper, according to Xenakis, is “the S-curve surface” of parabolic hyperboloid, because only such fundamental structure can be built up to similar height. Xenakis believed, that the Primogenitors”of vertical cities-buildings were the city states of ancient Greek from the point of view of their administrative-political structure.
In his opinion, they are impossible in modern capitalist conditions. The composer-architect believed that birth of similar huge vertical constructionswas a natural evolutionary stage of the town-planning, connected with the tendency to centralized moving of the population: instead of spreading out over a surface, which creates problems of contact for human activities, we must organize cities in a vertical manner such a system would allow US to install cities in truly uninhabitable climate, either very hot or cold climates and in overpopulated or deserted areas 7. At the first stage, Le Corbusier supported the theory of vertical cities, but it has disappointed him very quickly. In turn, the well-known Indian city of Chandigarh (where Le Corbusier realized his concept “radiant city”) Xenakis considered artificial, stillborn because it created what in the “laboratory” (in the architectural studio) and did not correspond with a real life of urban population enough.