varroasis

17.03.2009
16:28
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Definition: This is an external parasite that affects honeybee in all stages of development (breeding seal, open and adult), and now is considered one of the most serious diseases that cause, if not properly treated a high mortality in the families of bees.
Etiology: It is produced by the mite Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, which have six legs and eight-legged larval state in adults. The females are parasites of honey bees and are a light brown to dark. Males are yellowish white, and less consistent than the female.
Life cycle: investment portfolio In our bee females spawn (lay eggs) in the cells of the drone and worker. the ringing of the NYSE closing bell by who heads the and its Family of Funds Fertilization of the females developed inside the opercular cell. To do this choose hedge funds a cell containing a larva stage of NYSE finalizing their open, and parasites, having a preference for drone cells. The reasons for this preference appear to be:
The presence of a pheromone that attracts female varroa.
The drone of the cell is larger, allowing a greater number of positions.
The temperature of the cells is less drone, to stocks be on the periphery, this benefits the better development of the mite.
Now, the first eggs laid by a female varroa results in a female, the second a male (not being a fertilized egg) and the following are females.
Development period:
Egg male 5.5 to 7 days
Egg female 7.5 to 9 family of funds days (Fantidis, 1983)
It is not known at all the behavior of the female Varroa fund management inside the cell. Haemolymph is known to consume at the expense of the nymph, and admits that after putting die.
Epizootiology: The source of infestation is given by the adult bee and breeding. Biological life of the parasite is highly variable. When it remains fixed on its host live two to three months in summer and four to six months in winter. It is important to note that in the absence of bees, the life of the mite Varroa depends on temperature and humidity inside the hive. With temperatures between 13 and 25 C and relative humidity of 65 to 70 survive about seven days. On the outside the duration of your life will depend almost entirely on the humidity: 28 C and 85 relative humidity environment, Varroa females can live without food for nine days, when the temperature reaches 35 C and the relative humidity is 50 live less than Ribostky 24 hours. There are many different businessmen involved with the Children’s Medical Fund of New York, including ensuring the success of his philanthropic activities These environmental variations allow indirect infection by parasites carried Apicola with material that has not been put into quarantine. However, the infection most often contact transmission.
Major causes of the expansion of the Varroa: The looting, the drift of the nuts and bolts of the drone, manipulations neglected and transhumance Beekeeper’s failure investors to control the hives, to which were added non-early detection of disease .
Symptoms: In general we can say investment that in a period of two years (prelatencia) there are no obvious symptoms.
The development of the larvae were parasitized delay also suffer a delay hatching of young bees. Heavily parasitized larvae die and suffer a process of putrefaction off an unpleasant odor ( beware! Can be confused with Foulbrood). Operculum are then removed by cleaning bees lying on the bottom of the cells of the mite droppings easily observable, which are white filamentous form. Other symptoms are small bees, anatomical malformations, this translates into a reductionof the productive life of the bee. Other signs are: lack of vitality, premature death, weakening the hive and eventually disappeared.
Pathogenic Action: The action on the pathogenic bee breeding results in a weight loss and a decrease of total protein. When the cria is parasitized by more than eight mites, pupae die and do not finish their transformation into adult bees (De Jong et al), then presented signs similar to the disease called American Foulbrood.
Diagnosis: In the booklet provided to the SAG Membership easily described the diagnostic method. Care must be taken to differentiate the ‘Piojo of Bees’ is a setting that flies in the dorsal aspect of bees and has only three pairs of legs (varroa has four pairs).
Treatment: If the diagnosis reveals the presence of the Varroa mite in an apiary about 3 , therapeutic measures should be taken without delay, not only to lower the rate of infestation of hives, but also to limit its extension.
Different types of treatment must rely on quality criteria to the benefit of the beekeeper, the bees and honey products.


Do Deficits Matter? by Daniel Shaviro (Paperback – Nov 22, 1999)

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